Cmt Communications Essay Example for Free

Cmt Communications Essay The success of any organization is determined by managers being able to plan, set goals, and make decisions. Decision making is the primary function of management and this task should not be taken lightly. Decisions are made to achieve goals and tie them to company actions and outcomes. According to Peter Drucker, Whatever a manager does, he does through decision-making.† When making a decision, managers must take all alternatives into consideration and although one may not have all the answers, a manager must be able to move forward, sometimes immediately, in order to be successful and effective in their decision making process. According to Trewatha Newport, Decision-making involves the selection of a course of action from among two or more possible alternatives in order to arrive at a solution for a given problem. This is a continuous process that requires managers to have specific knowledge, skills and intellectual abilities. Some managers find this task challenging as seen in the case of CMT Telecommunications. In the case of CMT Telecommunications, Manager Dave has been selected to take charge temporarily while his boss is on vacation. His issue is that he has to make a decision to select and assign one of two key managers to take the lead of a new project which entails developing a new CD-ROM self-study course for new software. One manager has extensive experience on the technical side of the house and is in charge of the technical publications department. This manager is skilled in developing detailed manuals on how to use the company’s equipment and software. The other manager oversees the software training department. He is especially skilled in designing training courses that effectively communicate the technical information from the publications department’s manuals. He is known for his excellent presentation skills and for the information being customer friendly and easy to follow. This decision is difficult for Dave because he is friends with both managers but also knows that his decision will reflect his managerial competencies which in the long run can affect his opportunities for advancement. There are three models that decision making fall under: Classical, which is based on rational assumptions and managers beliefs; Administrative Model, which is based on human and environmental limitations and is known to be the most effective model; and the Political Model, which allows collaboration amongst and between managers to facilitate the decision making process when there is uncertainty (Daft, 2013). In this case, the political decision making model is evident in the uncertainty of his ability to make a quick decision. This can be due to his diverse interests in both of the manager’s abilities and past experiences. This is a non-programmed type of decision that Dave needs to make in that it is unique. This is a new project that no one has experienced in the company, let alone Dave as a new project manager having to take the lead and make a difficult decision. There are consequences will play an important role for him personally and professionally. Another aspect of the political model is that Dave realizes he has to get both managers to talk to one another and form a coalition however he fears that this may not be possible given that both managers declared openly that the other department lacked the skills needed to ensure project success. Because both managers are highly skilled and each have a powerful team of employees that can assist with the details and tasks required to ensure the success of the project, they need to be able to work together and form an alliance. By using the political decision making model a manager would engage his team to collaborate and share their diverse ideas, interests and skills, while understanding there are conflicting goals and inconsistent viewpoints. The team would work together towards strategically developing specific goals and in this case, each group could take a certain area of the project to work on then bring them together in hopes to acquire a successful cohesive project outcome. The work of Herbert A. Simon proposes that the two concepts: bounded rationality and satisficing are instruments that shape the administrative model of decision making. Satisficing is when managers choose the first alternative that satisfies the minimum criteria of the decision. Bounded rationality is the concept that managers have to be rational when making decisions based on the amount of time and ability to process all of the information needed to make the decision (Daft, 2013). In the case of David, he does have to make a quick decision mostly because the equipment that needs to be purchased for the project has to be placed immediately. Although Dave understands the differences in opinions from both managers, he has to consider his alternatives in a timely fashion for long-term benefits. He also does not come with much project management experience so his ability to make these types of decisions is limited. As Dave, my plan of action would include the following: * Follow the six steps in the Managerial Decision-Making Process * Discuss project plans with each manager, gather their ideas and perspectives * Brainstorm ideas and develop alternatives that meet both managers needs and that allows for collaboration but at the same time allow for some constructive debate * Use the analytical style of decision making first while considering all the alternatives however switch to the directive style when ready to make the decision * Use intuition and trust in my experience, background, and skills * Take a risk in making the best decision possible without being influenced by emotions or friendships built with the other managers, without thinking too much on past decisions and doubts of my decision making capabilities, have some self-efficacy, and think outside of the box to gather the best ideas and develop strategies to move the project planning phase forward. Every problem can be solved differently depending on the manager, their personality, past experience, education, upbringings, but most importantly their intuition and the risk taking abilities they bring. When making decisions, managers must consider the type of decision that needs to be made, their own managerial style when it comes to making decisions, as well as how rational one can be depending on the decision that needs to be made. One should always consider all the alternatives presented to them as well as the time needed to make a decision. As a manager, one should not be afraid to take risks however should understand the levels of risk depending on the alternatives presented. Being true to what one believes is also important and should always play a part of a manager’s decision making process. References: Kalyan City Life Blog. Decision Making Process in Management-Problem Solving. Retrieved from http://kalyan-city.blogspot.com/2010/06/decision-making-process-in-management.html

UBIQUITY :: Essays Papers

UBIQUITY As many people have expected, We are living in an environment saturated with wired and wireless connections. This technological explosion has become a part of our daily lives; but we don't really realize, to what extent , our trivial behaviors rely on informatic systems and our interaction with them. While we are living in the era of pervasive computing, we may wonder about the change that pervasive computing has brought to our lives and our social and cultural responses to these fascinating technologies and increased change. Some people remain fearful of the impact of the brain machines on our human behavior, on the other hand, others are struggling to make our environment filled with intelligent machinery, like the air we breath, and to make our interactions with this machinery as smooth as possible. The story of creating smart machines equipped with the same reasoning capabilities of humans is very old but the era of computers makes it very realistic in the eyes of scientists. Since we have machines that manage to do all these tasks, it is time for a new generation of machinery that can do exactly what we can do or better; from understanding our behavior to making decisions on their own. The article: " A Bayesian Computer Vision System for modeling Human Interactions", provides and excellent example of what people interested in artificial intelligence are trying to do. In fact, they focus on creating machines that understand human behavior and respond according to this interaction. It is stated in the article: " Our approach to modeling person-to-person interactions is to use supervised statistical machine learning techniques to teach the system to recognize normal single-person behaviors and common person-to-person interactions" (Oliver, Rosario, Pentland 831). There are many l imitations to accomplish this goal as any new technology or knowledge but the dream seems to be realistic for these people. according to the same article, if the models are trained to recognize a limited number of human behavior, how to make them understand new patterns without limitations : "A major emphasis of our work, therefore, is on efficient Bayesian integration of both prior knowledge (by the use of synthetic prior models) with evidence from data (by situation-specific parameter tuning). our goal is to be able to successfully apply the system to any normal multiperson interaction situation without additional training". This article provides an example of what is going on in many laboratories spread throughout the world and how artificial intelligence focuses on creating smart practical machines that understand and interpret our behavior and probably surpasses our reasoning capabilities.

Impact of sea power upon history Essay

Introduction â€Å"The profound influence of sea commerce upon the wealth and strength of countries was clearly seen long before the true principles which governed its growth and prosperity were detected. † (Mahan 2004) Water covers over three-fourths of the earth’s surface. The entire human civilization lives on the remaining one-fourth area of earth. And only 3% of the entire water present on the earth’s surface is fresh water. This leaves most of the remaining part of earth’s water area, as large salty water bodies everyone knows by the name of seas or oceans. These are the facts known to all, but few really come to know and appreciate the power that seas have wielded in the development of civilization. Before man ventured out into the sea for traveling, he was just a semi-barbaric creature, with limited trading and social skills. As humans decided to venture beyond to uncharted sea territories, and discovered new lands and newer civilization, the world started to get close and hence the progress of mankind, other than strictly in the biological sense, came into picture. But, progress was not the only thing which sea brought; sometimes it also brought diseases like plague and big destructive wars to people residing on its shores. This paper will analyze all these issues, and will attempt to look at the effects these events brought to the civilization as a whole. â€Å"The history of Sea Power is largely, though by no means solely, a narrative of contests between nations, of mutual rivalries, of violence frequently culminating in war. † (Mahan 2004) History of Navigation History of Navigation can be traced back to centuries. Merchants in Egypt and Mesopotamia used to build large commercial vessels to carry and trade goods, more than 5500 years ago. In Egypt, sea voyage are even recorded in hieroglyphics, which can be dated back to 3200 BCE. One can take this as the starting point to trace the beginnings of navigation as a commercial pursuit. The first Western civilization in history, which is known to have developed the art of navigation at sea were the Phoenicians, more than 4,000 years ago. The popular stories of Helen of Troy were all related to sea travel. Phoenicians were in fact the first to use Pole Star for navigation, according to some accounts. Still under overcast skies, the navigation was usually based on sheer guesswork and intuition, till in about 2000 years ago, when Chinese created the first magnetized needle compass. This technique spread across the world in about a thousand years. In 12th and 13th centuries the science of making proper nautical charts and celestial almanacs began. By the 15th and 16th centuries, aggressive exploration of the world of the world started with explorers like Columbus getting funds from their respective Emperors to explore and enslave newer lands (Spera & Strom 2002). Nevertheless, it is wrong to think that the early explorers used to sail into the unknown without any idea of their final destination. It is true though that while searching for a specific land or route, the explorers were often surprised at the new lands they discovered. This was because many times the country they were seeking was only known in legend or rumor, the most famous example being Columbus, in the recent times. While the entire world is now charted and studied thoroughly, sea does not hold any less influence. The destruction brought by Tsunami is a very recent event. And even Mahan’s lines about sea and war, mentioned above, still hold true, as the countries still are always protecting themselves against attacks from other countries. Famous Historical battles Countless battles have been fought over the sea shaping the civilization, by up throwing older empires and making newer one. One of the most famous older battles is the Battle of Thermopylae between the Greek and Persians, changing the course of the entire war. As is mentioned in the section above, the aggressive exploration started in the 15th and 16th centuries, to enslave newer and older countries. Before this the exploration of the sea was usually only trade-oriented. Many of the 16th century explorations were funded by the reigning Monarchs who wished only to increase their area of reign (Stafford 2005). Major battles that were fought in this period were between English, Dutch, French and Spanish Monarchy. The popular battles were the Anglo-Dutch war 1665-1667, war England and France against united Provinces 1672-1674, between France and the entire Europe in1674-1678, battle of the Spanish succession 1702-1713 i. e. The Sea battle of Malaga, Sea battles between Britain and Spain 1748, Seven years war which establishes the English Supremacy over the seas 1756-1763, Naval war in America and West Indies in 1778-1781 which led the way to the American Revolution etc (Mahan 2004). These wars led to the building and destruction of colonies, and in turn exposed the people in the colonies to a wide array of culture and newer ideas which were previously only prevalent in the Europe, and had led to them being superiors over other cultures. Diseases brought by sea. Diseases is not a term usually associates with the sea, even though the possibilities are huge. However, the most destructive spread of Plague can be attributed to the seas and trade routes. Plague is one of the most destructive as well as the most incomprehensible disasters for humanity. While there is no direct relation between sea and plague, yet the spread of plague with sea from one to other port cities is a very relevant domain. The earliest and the best documented history of Plague was that of the Justinianic plague in the mid-sixth century. The Justinianic plague generally followed trading routes and therefore, was especially brutal to coastal cities. This plague originated either in Ethiopia, moving through Egypt, or in the Central Asian steppes, where it then traveled along the caravan trading routes. Finally through either of these locations the disease quickly spread throughout the Roman world and beyond (Smith 1996). Another very infamous Plague closely resembling, but much more destructive was the Black Death in 1348. The effect of sea on Plague is even worse in this case. The Plague started in China and made its way west across Asia to the Black Sea by 1347. One theory states that a group of infected Tartars besieged a Genoese outpost on the coast. Tartars harassed the trapped townspeople by hurling the dead bodies of their comrades over the town walls spreading the epidemic among the Genoese. The panicked inhabitants fled the scene by ship showing up in the ports of northern Italy and bringing the Black Death to Europe (www.eyewitnesstohistory. com). Conclusion The effect of sea on mankind has both – the positive effects of exchange of trade and ideas; and the negative effects of destruction and sometimes fatal diseases. One thing is clear however, no matter what the situation was, the mankind always managed to surge ahead learning newer things and forging newer relations. This has in the end brought only positive influences to the mankind in the longer run. References Books Mahan A. T, â€Å"The Influence of Sea Power Upon History†, 2004, Gutenberg. Stafford J, â€Å"Some Principles of Maritime Strategy†, February 16, 2005, Gutenberg Magazines Spera G, Strom S. R, â€Å"The Back Page: A Brief History of Human Navigation†, Crosslink Volume 3, Number 2, 2002, http://www. aero. org/publications/crosslink/summer2002/backpage. html Journals Smith C. A, â€Å"Plague in the Ancient World: A Study from Thucydides to Justinian†, The Student Historical Journal, 1996-97, http://www. loyno. edu/~history/journal/1996-7/Smith. html Websites â€Å"The Black Death, 1348,† EyeWitness to History, www. eyewitnesstohistory. com, 2001.

Paramedic Job Profile Essay - 905 Words

INTRODUCTION A Paramedic (EMT-P) works directly with the public providing personal assistance, medical attention, and emotional support. They respond to medical emergencies providing on-scene treatment, crisis intervention, life-saving stabilization, and transport of ill or injured patients to a treatment center. Internet research, a personal interview with a paramedic, and the Occupational Outlook Handbook are the sources used to gather the information in this profile. JOB DESCRIPTION Work Conditions According to the Occupational Outlook Handbook (OOH), paramedics are required to work more than 40 hours a week. They often have irregular work hours since emergency services function 24 hours a day. Indoors and†¦show more content†¦Approximately 45% work with an ambulance service, 29% work in local government and an additional 20% in hospitals. Volunteer Paramedics who respond monthly to a few calls support fire departments and emergency medical services in small cities, towns, and rural areas commonly. Education Most occupations in this field require training in vocational schools or an associates degree. Some may require a bachelors degree. According to the OOH, there are two levels of EMT training required prior to Paramedic training. 1. EMT-Basic is the first response of the emergency medical system. An EMT trained at this level is prepared to care for patients at the scene of an accident and while transporting patients by ambulance to the hospital under the direction of more highly trained medical personnel. The EMT-Basic has the emergency skills to assess a patients condition and manage respiratory, cardiac, and trauma emergencies. 2. EMT-Intermediate has more advanced training. However, the specific tasks that those certified at this level are allowed to perform vary greatly from state to state. 3. 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